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Description | Danger Signs | Potential Harm | Cockroaches Preventative Measures | Cockroach Pictures

Blatta Orientalis      - Oriental Cockroach
Blatella Germanica  - German Cockroach

Cockroaches
Description
cockroach Cockroaches are large winged insects ranging from 12-30mm in length with long antennae.

Most people in the UK who have an infestation are likely to have German or Oriental species of cockroach.

There are about 3500 different species of cockroach in the world of which the vast majority are tropical. The Oriental cockroach is dark brown/black and ranges from 17-30mm whilst the more common German cockroach is lighter brown and smaller 12-15mm.


Oriental cockroaches prefer to feed on starchy foods. The female cockroach produces up to eight purse-like egg cases at monthly intervals. The egg cases are thick walled and contain from 16-30 nymphs each. These nymphs (the small, transparent young insects) shed their outer skin 5-7 times as they grow to maturity. At room temperature this can take 4 months. The German cockroach carries the egg capsule behind her until the small wingless young are ready to hatch out some 2-4 weeks later. The Oriental cockroach deposits its egg case in a dark sheltered place. After about 2 months it splits open and the small nymphs emerge. These shed their outer skin 7-10 times before reaching maturity. The process takes 10 months to 2 years depending on temperature and food availability.

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Danger Signs
The primary danger sign is a visual sighting of the insect, cockroaches vary in size depending on the species and maturity of the cockroach, nymph’s can often be confused with beetles or other harmless insects. Generally the extended antennae are a big clue and a reason to warrant further investigation. If you become ill with stomach related problems, especially if more than one person suffers the same symptoms, a potential cause could be contamination from cockroaches.


Cockroaches are omnivorous by nature and will eat almost any organic matter no matter how rancid. Once inside the home, they will seek out food scraps, unsealed food containers, sugar and grease deposits, pet food, rancid meat, glue and even book bindings. If bronchial or asthmatic symptoms are aggravated by an unknown cause, again this can possibly be attributed to cockroach infestations. If you see black specs in your kitchen cupboards, it is likely cockroach faeces marking their courtship and nearby nesting territory. Cockroaches eat each others faeces, to feed the young "nymphs" and extract all nourishment from an organic food source.
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Potential Harm

Cockroaches have a rapid breeding cycle if left unchecked a cockroach infestation can rapidly expand its numbers in a few weeks or months to become major risk to health and safety.
Cockroaches are potential carriers of serious diseases and germs, which cause disease in humans, e.g. dysentery and gastro-enteritis, salmonella and other stomach complaint organisms. They adulterate food and spread pathogenic organisms with their faeces and defensive secretions.
They feed on faecal matter (poo) and rotting waste materials. Contamination occurs when they come into contact with food preparation areas, cutlery, crockery and food.

Cockroaches can cause asthmatic reactions and must moult (shed their skin) regularly throughout their life-cycle. The discarded skin becomes airborne and can cause severe asthmatic reactions, particularly to children, the elderly and people with bronchial ailments.
Cockroaches Preventative Measures

Cockroaches require food, shelter and water. Make your home unfit for cockroaches, where possible, take away their food, water and restrict shelter and access points into the kitchen and they will almost certainly move somewhere else.


Cockroaches need water and will thrive in damp sub-floor crawl space areas, near leaking taps, etc. Ensure adequate drainage and ventilation. Regularly check and fix any plumbing problems, broken roof tiles, etc that may allow or cause moisture aggress to potential cockroach harbourage areas. Wipe kitchen sink of moisture before retiring or going out at night. Turn off leaking taps.


Reduce shelter and access points and seal all cracks and crevices in bathroom, pantry and kitchen cupboards. Store all cardboard boxes and the like above ground level. Cockroaches do not like drafty exposed areas or bright lights. A good reason why some restaurants keep lights on at night around their waste bins.
The German cockroach is the most widely transported insect pest in the world. Infestations even occur in Alaska, in larger installations with central heating or around machinery that produces heat.

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Cockroach Pictures

Side profile of a german cockroach, identifiable at most growth stages by the long antennae click to enlarge
click to enlarge German cockroaches at different growth stages from the egg sack to adult
An egg sack, called an ootheca from a german cockroach click to enlarge
click to enlarge Oriental cockroaches at different growth stages from the egg sack to adult
An egg sack, called an ootheca from an oriental cockroach
click to enlarge American cockroaches at different growth stages from the egg sack to adult
Cockroach faeces often found in the kitchen in cupboards and worktops or where there are a number of cockroaches present click to enlarge
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